De-extinction of American Chestnuts

I have written before about the near extinction of American Chestnuts, called the greatest ecological catastrophe in the eastern forests of America.
I tried (and failed) to grow saplings from four nuts received in payment for my article in the American Chestnut Foundation magazine in 2013. The Foundation has made tremendous progress since then, but the unbounded optimism of those days is tattered. The goal is to repopulate forests and parks with blight-resistant chestnuts generated by crossing exceedingly rare American Chestnuts with blight resistant Chinese Chestnuts. By repeatedly backcrossing hybrids with Americans, the saplings will become more American in successive generations, and more resistant by selecting specimens testing negative for blight. The theory is sound, and the latest generation is more resistant but not completely. Plant geneticists aim to identify the genes responsible for Chinese immunity. That knowledge will improve screening and reinvigorate the transgenic program at the State University of New York where saplings did well in labs but failed to thrive in field trials.
The Foundation has achieved another kind of success that bodes well for breakthroughs in research. It has cultivated enormous public interest and sponsors despite chestnuts passing out of living memory. I know few people who remember stories told by grandparents or great grandparents about the bountiful trees dominating their forests, providing tasty nuts for them, hogs, and wildlife, also producing beautiful timber that doesn’t rot. I imagine when my generation was young a few of us saw hulking skeletons of the former four billion trees up and down and astride the Appalachian Mountain chain. They probably thought it was past time to restore them, like the extinct passenger pigeon. But today, as we face even more tumultuous environmental challenges, there is energy and urgency among people of all ages. The chestnut is an icon for this movement, and its recovery is far more likely than bringing back the wooly mammoth and dire wolf.
I look out for chestnuts on forest walks in the Allegheny Mountains. Occasionally, I find a few leaves on a stem sprouting from roots that survive where an old stump rotted, but are soon struck by blight. But last week I checked a fine specimen in a friend’s backyard. Standing over ten feet tall, it is covered in foliage and even has flower buds although unable to produce nuts because the species depends on cross-pollination. The branches will canker in late summer, as they do every year, but spring growth is a sign of how nature struggling against the odds needs our care and ingenuity to reverse the harms we have done knowingly or out of ignorance.

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Roger Gosden’s Substack

I have posted articles about reproductive medicine, science, and population on Substack at What’s Hot in Fertility? since the spring of 2024. And shortly I will launch new literary work on my Personal Substack at https://gosden.substack.com/p/welcome-to-my-personal-substack. I hope you will opt for a free subscription: my writing will remain unmonetized.

This is a portrait of my close companions. Ben and Reg lie quietly beside my desk where I can lean down to stroke them. It sometimes helps to overcome writer’s block!

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Save our Science (S.O.S.)

National Cancer Institute
Credit: National Cancer Institute (Unsplash)

Many young British and European scientists came as a rite of passage for advanced training in top American Universities and now they mostly come from East Asia and India. I went home after a year at Duke and came back 25 years later to cap my career with a faculty post. All my life, I admired America as a scientific superpower which, combined with its economic heft and enterprise culture, made the country flourish and prosper. Breakthroughs from federally funded research in medicine, agriculture, and technology created countless jobs and healthier lives.
Thousands of grants and programs are now being slashed nationwide with North Carolina only second to Washington state in proportion to total funding. The cuts get less attention than news about tariffs, stock markets, and global alliances because science is done out of sight and its wounds are invisible until they hurt. Consider a farmer who wants an excellent harvest but makes a false economy by sowing fewer seeds to save money. The seeding of research with federal dollars has already declined to 0.3% of GDP (excluding defense), and deeper cuts will hand the advantages of technological superiority to foreign competitors.
There is no stronger warning than the responses of young scientists. Fewer will come. Three-quarters of trainees in a survey said they were considering options to pursue careers abroad. We will regret casting the seed corn of science to the winds of political dogma.

Letter to the editor of The Daily Press (4.24.25)

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What’s Hot in Fertility?

I am writing on Substack in response to the acute politicization of reproductive autonomy, care, and technology in the U.S.A. Subscription is free. These are titles of long-form articles in reverse order of publication:

  • A Cold Look at Egg Banking
  • Netflix streams Joy about the birth of IVF
  • After the Storm
  • DJT: I am the Father of IVF
  • A Death in the Senate
  • On Becoming a Being
  • Denmark’s Investment in Fertility Treatment
  • Time to Rewind the Ovarian Clock?
  • Progress Educational Trust
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Reproductive Freedom and Power in Project 2025
  • Embryos and Ethics: Potential versus Person
  • Embryos and Ethics: First Impressions
  • Jean Marian Purdy Remembered
  • Coils, Cuts, Condoms, and Chemical Contraception
  • What is an Embryo?
  • Howard W. Jones Jr., M.D, at 104 discusses IVF (video)
  • An Alabomination
  • Elizabeth Carr at Congress
  • An Appreciation of Louise Brown

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Taking a Pause

In the past decade I have blogged news and views on a nature theme 300 times. Visitors can access these posts in archives and the sister domain, Jamestowne Bookworks. I am taking a break from blogging to devote more time to Substacking about reproductive science and medicine and finishing books that have lingered too long on my hard drive.

Thank you for visiting.

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